Cannabis has been used in Spain since the Moorish period, when Arab traders and settlers brought the plant to the Iberian Peninsula. The warm Mediterranean climate proved ideal for cultivation.

Modern Spanish cannabis culture revolves around 'cannabis social clubs' (CSCs) — private membership organizations that collectively grow and distribute cannabis to their members. Barcelona became a cannabis tourism destination, with hundreds of clubs.

Spain is also a major transit point for Moroccan hashish entering Europe, with the short distance across the Strait of Gibraltar facilitating a centuries-old trade route.

Spain's Mediterranean climate is excellent for outdoor cannabis cultivation, particularly in southern regions. Indoor cultivation thrives in urban areas.

Cannabis social clubs grow collectively for their members, operating in a legal gray area between personal use (decriminalized) and commercial distribution (illegal).

Spain has both traditional and modern hash-making scenes. The country receives large quantities of Moroccan hash and has developed its own extraction community.

Spanish seed breeders like Sweet Seeds and Dinafem have contributed significantly to global cannabis genetics.

Personal use and private cultivation are decriminalized. Cannabis social clubs operate in a legal gray area — technically private associations, they function as de facto dispensaries.

Public consumption is fined, and medical cannabis is not formally regulated, though CBD products are widely available.